Clinical Exome Sequencing

Overview


The human genome consists of DNA sequences organized into coding regions, known as exons, and non-coding segments, called introns. Exons collectively make up the exome, which encodes proteins essential for biological functions. Clinical exome sequencing (CES) involves analyzing these coding regions to identify pathogenic variants, especially in cases where the condition is complex or present in an unusual way. This approach holds significant medical value, as it enables the detection of disease-causing mutations across a wide spectrum of genetic disorders. The test focuses on genes scientifically linked to diseases, carefully curated from trusted databases including OMIM, HGMD, and ClinVar.

By identifying disease-causing variants, it enables clinicians to determine the most suitable treatment strategies at the earliest stage, helping to manage symptoms effectively and improve overall quality of life. It is particularly indicated for:

  • Multifactorial disorders arising from variations in multiple genes.
  • Pathologies lacking distinctive diagnostic markers.
  • Mutations with limited functional or clinical data.
  • Clinical scenarios with complex or unclear differential diagnosis.

G2M’s Clinical Exome Sequencing (CES) panel is a focused, high-performance complete solution - from DNA to variant report generation tailored for the efficient identification of clinically relevant variants. While conventional CES panels often struggle to balance comprehensive gene content with sequencing performance, the G2M CES panel is meticulously designed to overcome these limitations. The Panel delivers high-quality results that meet the rigorous standards of clinical diagnostic testing, ensuring accuracy you can trust in patient care. With the Clinical Exome Solution by G2M, healthcare providers can more accurately diagnose patients at risk of Mendelian and other genetic disorders, enabling truly personalized and effective treatment plans.

Key features and highlights


  • Analysis includes coverage of deep intronic, and promoter mutations known to be pathogenic, based on databases such as ClinVar, OMIM, and HPO.
  • Comprehensive coverage of disease-associated genes, supported by strong, moderate, or emerging evidence from scientific literature and databases.
  • Accurate and consistent results, backed by rigorous quality control. Mitochondrial genome sequencing coverage.
  • Probes tailored from diverse gene model information.
  • Provides accurate genetic analysis at lower costs compared to whole exome sequencing (WES).

Panel Performance


Features Performance
Coverage Uniformity (0.2X) >99%
Reproducibility (%) 96.7
Sensitivity (%) 97.2
On Target Ratio (%) >80

Panel specifications


Commercial name and catalogue number : Clinical Exome Sequencing Expanded Panel
No of genes: ~8124
Inclusions: SNVs, Indels, CNVs
Panel size: 19.6 Mb
Recommended coverage: 150-180X
Data required (per sample): 3 GB
Pre-capture pooling: 4
Methodology: Hybridization capture-based target enrichment
Recommended sequencing mode: Paired end 150 (PE 150)
Sample types: Blood, Saliva, Amniotic fluid, Chorionic Villus, Tissue
Starting sample input: 50-500 ng Genomic DNA
Average library insert size: ~300 bp
Target region: Whole CDS, hotspots, mitochondrial genome
Platform compatibility: Illumina, MGI, Element, Thermofisher
Bioinformatics Support: Primary Analysis: FASTQ to annotated VCF
Secondary Analysis: CNVs, SNVs, Large InDel
Tertiary Analysis: Clinical interpretation

Process Workflow


Onepcr workflow

Following raw data generation, variant identification is performed using the GATK best practices framework, beginning with quality assessment via FastQC and alignment to the GRCh38 human reference genome using the BWA aligner. Variants are identified and annotated using advanced tools and databases. Clinically relevant mutations are matched with trusted sources like ClinVar, OMIM, and HPO, while population frequencies and functional impacts are assessed through global genomic databases. The G2M panel targets approximately 8,124 genes with well-established disease associations, ensuring enriched coverage of medically significant regions with high uniformity and low duplication rates. Curated in accordance with ACMG guidelines, the panel is optimized for diagnostic yield in hereditary disorders and germline cancer risk, offering a cost-effective and clinically actionable alternative to whole exome approaches. With a targeted probe size of 19.6 Mb, the CES panel maximizes sequencing efficiency without compromising sensitivity

Data Analysis and Reporting


High Confidence Gene Annotation Across Trusted Databases
Clinical exome Sequencing

Comprehensive Gene Coverage Across Key Databases

Reference coverage from curated sources (percentage of genes from each database).

Panel Workflow The panel adapts a simple, straight-forward workflow enhancing a quick turnaround time. The workflow is divided into:
Library Preparation: This step includes end repair, adapter ligation, purification using MPB clean up beads and index ligated.
Hybridization and target enrichment: This step includes hybridization- capture of target regions using biotinylated probes and selection of target regions using MSB beads. It is followed by post capture amplification, purification, and QC.

Ordering Information


Commercial Name Cat No. Pack Size Platform
Clinical Exome Sequencing NGS Test Kit G710007-1 24 T Illumina
G710007-2 96 T Illumina
G710007-3 96 T - EZY Illumina - EZY
Clinical Exome Sequencing NGS Test Kit G710007-4 24 T MGI
G710007-5 96 T MGI
G710007-6 96 T - EZY MGI - EZY
Clinical Exome Sequencing NGS Test Kit G710007-7 24 T Aviti
G710007-8 96 T Aviti
G710007-9 96 T - EZY Aviti - EZY
Clinical Exome Sequencing NGS Test Kit G710007-10 24 T Thermo
G710007-11 96 T Thermo
G710007-12 96 T - EZY Thermo - EZY

Resources


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